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Tuesday, April 30, 2013

處方藥調漲 病患自力救濟


處方藥調漲 病患自力救濟

April 27, 2013 06:00 AM
今年初以來,美國處方藥價頻調漲,造成許多病患須「自力救濟」,絞盡腦汁四處尋找藥價最便宜的購藥來源。(記者陳慈暉/攝影)
今年初以來,美國處方藥價頻調漲,造成許多病患須「自力救濟」,絞盡腦汁四處尋找藥價最便宜的購藥來源。(記者陳慈暉/攝影)
今年初以來,美國處方藥價頻調漲,造成不少醫師須增加開立處方箋的張數及時間。在羅蘭岡開業的王姓醫師表示,該診所不少心血管疾病患者,由於長期用藥近期被保險公司列入不給付,或大幅調高購藥的自付額(Deductibles),因此,要求他將一張處方箋的不同藥物,分別開立成兩或三張處方箋,以便至Wal-Mart、網路藥局等不同來源,尋覓省荷包的方法。
住在鑽石吧的朱太太,須長期服用控制心臟血壓藥物「奈比洛爾」(Bystolic),今年保險公司通知她,此藥將不在健保給付之列,經過多家藥房詢價,每顆藥單價都在四至五元間。
朱太太表示,每吃下一顆藥,就要自掏腰包四、五元,難保血壓不會升高,所幸透過病友間情報交換,她找到加拿大網購的省錢竅門,在加拿大網路藥局購買相同藥品,藥價僅為美國的三分之一,最妙的是,藥品還是從美國倉儲出貨、寄送給她。
住在聖地牙哥的林先生,自從處方藥大漲後,與朋友結伴「出國」購藥機會大增。
林先生說,墨西哥蒂華納(Tijuana)革命大道的酒吧旁,一間間大店面的藥店林立,從偉哥(Viagra)到糖尿病患藥物一應俱全,以前會「出國」到蒂華納購藥,是替朋友購買沒處方箋無法買的藥,或昂貴藥物,但如今卻是因美國藥價節節高漲,讓他與朋友即使有醫師的處方箋,為省藥費,也不得不捨近求遠,「出國」購藥。
近期返台的陳小姐,也兼任朋友的「藥物採購」。陳小姐指出,朋友發現長期服用的降膽固醇藥物立普妥(Lipitor),在美國一顆一美元,即使以健保購藥,也有每月30元的共付額(Co-Pay),但台灣銷售一盒一個月藥量的立普妥,還不到20元美元,因此,託她在台灣購買一年分。
心臟專科醫師楊筧春表示,由於美國並沒有藥價管制政策,才會造成藥廠掌握藥價主導權,由於明年健保改革全面上路,藥廠須向政府繳交支持健改的相關稅金,便使出調漲藥價手段,將上繳的稅金轉嫁給保險公司及病患。
楊筧春說,保險公司不買帳,將漲幅過高或新出的高價藥,全都打入「不給付」或調高保戶自付額,但不得不吃藥的病患,卻是毫無籌碼,只得「自力救濟」,四處尋求購藥來源,找尋最便宜的藥物。
另一林姓醫師表示,令人擔心的是,許多病患既無管道或能力找到便宜藥,又沒有錢買「漲得離譜」的藥,乾脆就放棄吃藥,這類族群以銀髮老人居多,是醫療照護一大隱憂。


Read more:世界新聞網-北美華人社區新聞 - 處方藥調漲 病患自力救濟

在國外工作和在美國報稅這兩件事並不矛盾


保住綠卡 不必在美工作並納稅

P陳梅律師主答
April 14, 2013 06:00 AM |
讀者問:
我在世界新聞網發現你的聯繫方式,對於網站內法律專欄下的綠卡移民這一部分我比較感興趣,並且想諮詢一些這方面的問題。
目前,家中有個在美國念高中的小孩和一個在中國的單身母親。他們倆都是去年才辦理的移民身分,持有綠卡但不是美國公民。因為孩子念大學的問題,家人一直在猶豫是否應該放棄綠卡。據了解,如果想要保住綠卡,母親必須放棄中國的職業來美工作並納稅。可若是母親留在國內,便沒有了納稅得來的減少大學學費的好處。但就薪資、身體狀況等種種原因,我們仍希望讓母親繼續留在國內。曾考慮過母親直接用中國的薪水納稅,後來發現這種解決方法更糟糕。若母親放棄綠卡,會對孩子造成什麼樣的影響呢?目前,孩子稅務基本都是跟著舅舅做的。在這種情況下,你的建議是什麼呢?

答:
你們的主要問題是想讓孩子留在美國讀書,母親留在中國工作。但你們得到的資訊是,如果母親和孩子要保住他們的綠卡,母親就「必須放棄中國的職業,來美工作並納稅」。你們所得到的這個資訊是不正確的。

任何一個美國的會計師都會告訴你們,在國外工作和在美國報稅這兩件事並不矛盾。美國國稅局對此情況還有專門的條款,規定在外國工作的美國公民或永久居民只要他們的年收入不超過一個標準(2012年是9萬多美元),並且這些人能出示證明他們在國外的收入已在國外交了稅,他們在美國只要遞交一份稅表,但不需要再繳稅。向美國國稅局遞交這種外國收入的稅表後,就完成了在美納稅的問題。具體的情況你們應該向專業會計師請教。

保住母親綠卡的事也很簡單。她只要在美國來遞交一份回美證的申請,打完指模以後即可以返回中國繼續工作。回美證被批准後,她可以兩年不用返回美國,兩年回美證失效前再回到美國申請下一個回美證,以此類推。我們建議你們在專業移民律師的指導下,根據你們的具體情況,做出一個長遠的規劃


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 保住綠卡 不必在美工作並納稅 

詐騙案大增 申請報稅識別號碼趨嚴


詐騙案大增 申請報稅識別號碼趨嚴

April 27, 2013 09:00 AM 
6月15日是在美有投資收入的外國人報稅截止日,外國人申報聯邦所得稅表時,須先向國稅局申請報稅識別號碼(Individual Taxpayer Identification Number,以下簡稱ITIN),否則國稅局無法受理稅表。近年由於利用該號碼向國稅局申請並無資格獲退稅的詐騙案大增,令國稅局對這類申請要求愈來愈嚴格,申請人大感吃不消。

照說ITIN六周左右國稅局就會核准,來自台灣的陳先生年前申請時,卻一直未見下文。原來問題出在證明其護照影印本(copy)視同正本、由台灣法院出示的公證章,被國稅局認為不具公信力。

會計師施啟祥說,外國人由於沒資格申請社會安全號碼,須申請ITIN報稅。近年發生太多詐騙,如有人用該號碼申請低收入勞力所得補助獲得退稅,導致國稅局要求趨嚴。目前申請人須提供護照正本,或視同正本的影本,證明是當事人。實務上遊走兩岸的外國人大多是生意人,護照不可能離手,傾向以影本因應,以致國稅局對證明影本視同正本的公證章也要求嚴格。

他客戶的護照影本雖有美國在台協會視同正本的公證章,仍被國稅局以該公證章不具「官方」效力,拒絕核發ITIN 。最後還是客戶寫信委請美國在台協會直接發信國稅局,證明其護照影本視同正本,才被國稅局接受,但前後竟拖了半年客戶才拿到號碼。

施啟祥說,申請ITIN若不想寄上護照正本,應向本國發照單位申請護照拷貝視同正本的公證章,如中華民國外交部即是台灣發照單位,出具的公證章才被國稅局接受。今年3月起國稅局並允許ITIN申請者拿護照前往國稅局地方辦公室核實,俾免去寄出護照正本的要求。

目前坊間有會計師擁有國稅局授權,負責核實ITIN申請人護照影本視同正本。擁有這項授權的會計師李新忠說,其實ITIN申請人可自己申請,但須寄護照給國稅局,帶來諸多不便。他角色即代表國稅局核實客戶護照是真的,並認證影本視同正本,且簽名表示負責。

李新忠說,若客戶無法飛來美國,可持護照到當地美國大使館或領事館拿影本視同正本的公證章,並將影本寄到他辦公室,他會憑章認證影本視同正本的效力,並替客戶用護照影本申請ITIN。

會計師黃世仲說,過去申請ITIN只要填寫及提交W-7表,現在卻須先將稅表做好並一併附上,證明確實有需要申請該號碼的理由。

國稅局則說,ITIN由九個數字組成,第一個數字一定是9 ,第四和第五個數字在70-88間,擁有該號碼不代表可以在美國合法工作。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 詐騙案大增 申請報稅識別號碼趨嚴 

避免5種愚蠢的理財行為


避免5種愚蠢的理財行為

April 21, 2013 06:05 AM |
●許多人雖知道聰明的投資策略,卻不瞭解哪些算是錯誤的投資行為,及相應的避免之道。華爾街日報列舉以下五點常見、但卻是大錯特錯的投資行為,以供參考。

一、為追求高收益不顧風險。不少投資人需依賴投資工具產生的固定收益來支應開支,但目前市場上正欠缺這種安全、又能提供足夠現金流的工具。聯準會(Fed)將利率保持在幾近於零的水平,且計畫持續至就業明顯好轉為止,這項政策把投資人逼到死角,不惜鋌而走險投入複雜的高風險投資工具。

證管會(SEC)亦於不久前發布警告,提醒有愈來愈多不肖份子抓住投資人尋求高收益的心態,兜售造假的「企業本票」(corporate promissory note)詐取錢財。

日前也有媒體報導,「反向連動債」(reverse convertibles)在市場大行其道,這種商品結構複雜,且隱含高風險。

加州Bedrock資本管理公司投資長路易斯(Eric Lewis)說,對於自己不瞭解的投資商品,還是少碰為妙。投資人若想在有限的風險中追求收益較高的商品,可考慮「iShares High Yield Corporate Bond ETF」等高收益債券基金,這類基金投資於高風險公司債,提供約5%收益率。

二、提取退休存款支付子女大學學費。過去40年來,將通膨納入考量後的美國私立大學學雜費用翻升兩倍,公立大學的學費則翻升三倍。許多大學生投入16萬元上四年大學,畢業後的薪資卻與這不成正比。
財務規劃師普遍強烈建議,父母千萬不要為了幫子女省下學貸,從自己的退休帳戶中掏錢支付他們的大學學費。若無法取得私立大學的獎助學金,不妨考慮入讀學費較便宜的公立大學,抑或是讓子女申請低利率的聯邦學貸。

三、持有太多自家公司的股票。這可能是投資人所能做出最愚蠢又最大膽的行為。個人若持有大量公司股票,一旦公司營運出現問題,可能會發生同時丟掉工作與退休存款的悽慘後果。最好的前車之鑑就是那些曾為安然公司(Enron)或李曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)工作的員工。

不過,許多公司都將自家股票做為員工獎勵的選項之一。據華府員工福利研究所調查,員工在401(k)帳戶中持有自家股票的比例仍然偏高,且年輕員工持有的比例最高。

四、太早開始提領社安金。多數專家建議,退休族若有其他收入來源,應盡量延後開始提領社安金的年度。根據社安署統計,退休前年收入為5萬元者,若在62歲就開始領取社安金,每月可領金額約為1000 元,但他們若等到70歲才開始領取,每月可領金額比那多出一倍。

此外,對許多退休族而言,在70歲前耗盡存款並非最大風險,反而是在85歲之後沒錢可用才是最有可能發生的情況。根據疾病防治中心(CDC)估算,目前年滿65歲的女性當中,逾半數將活到85歲以上,男性則有約37.5%機率活到85歲。

晨星公司退休研究主管布蘭奇(David Blanchett)建議,基於上述理由,女性、已婚夫妻及身體健康者,應盡量延後提領社安金。

五、購買長天期公債。目前仍有相當多的民眾認為長天期公債是一種「安全」商品。事實上,這類債券已被市場公認處於泡沫狀態。

這是因為聯準會(Fed)的寬鬆貨幣政策等同於公開印製鈔票,再用來購買這類債券,進而推高它們的價格與壓低利率,以達到刺激經濟的效果。

當前30年期公債的收益率僅約3.1%,只比同期間通膨預估值高不到1個百分點。若依歷史水平來估算,這類債券的收益率應比通膨預期高出兩個百分點,即4.5%左右。
就算是隨物價調整的30年期抗通膨債券(TIPS),目前年實質收益率僅約0.6%,正常情況下應為2%左右。


Read more:世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 《理財消費》避免5種愚蠢的理財行為

他留下了財富給誰?City?? Learn from story !!


He Left a Fortune, to No One

Collection of Charles Goldgrub
Roman Blum, shirtless, at a birthday party on Long Island in 1983. In 1949, he and his wife, Eva, moved to Forest Hills, Queens, where they joined a tightknit community of Holocaust survivors.

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Collection of the Pomeranc family.
Mr. Blum, in striped suit, celebrating with friends.
Michael Kirby Smith for The New York Times
Charles Goldgrub, his godson.
Richard Perry/The New York Times
Paul Skurka, a Holocaust survivor and Staten Island resident who knew Mr. Blum for many years.
Richard Perry/The New York Times
Mr. Blum’s home on Staten Island, where he built and sold hundreds of other houses.
Mr. Blum, a Holocaust survivor and real estate developer, left behind no heirs and no surviving family members — his former wife died in 1992 and the couple was childless. His funeral, held graveside at the New Montefiore Jewish Cemetery in West Babylon, N.Y., was attended by a small number of mourners, most of them elderly fellow survivors or children of survivors.
Much about Mr. Blum’s life was shrouded in mystery: He always claimed he was from Warsaw, although many who knew him said he actually came from Chelm, in southeast Poland. Several people close to Mr. Blum said that before World War II, in Poland, he had a wife and child who perished in the Holocaust, though Mr. Blum seems never to have talked of them, and the International Tracing Service in Bad Arolsen, Germany, has no record of them in its database. Even his birth date is in question. Records here give it as Sept. 16, 1914; identity cards from a German displaced persons camp have it as Sept. 15.
But perhaps the greatest mystery surrounding Mr. Blum is why a successful developer, who built hundreds of houses around Staten Island and left behind an estate valued at almost $40 million, would die without a will.
That is no small matter, as his is the largest unclaimed estate in New York State history, according to the state comptroller’s office.
“He was a very smart man but he died like an idiot,” said Paul Skurka, a fellow Holocaust survivor who befriended Mr. Blum after doing carpentry work for him in the 1970s.
Gary D. Gotlin, the public administrator handling the case, sold Mr. Blum’s home on Staten Island, auctioned off his jewelry and his furniture and is putting other properties that he owned on the market. Mr. Gotlin’s office, which is overseen by Surrogate’s Court in Richmond County, is also using Mr. Blum’s estate to pay his taxes, conduct an in-depth search for a will and hire a genealogist to search for relatives. If none are identified, the money will pass into the state’s coffers. That, Mr. Blum’s friends said, would be a tragedy, compounding the one that befell him as a young man in Eastern Europe.
“I spoke to Roman many times before he passed away, and he knew what to do, how to name beneficiaries,” said Mason D. Corn, his accountant and friend for 30 years. “Two weeks before he died, I had finally gotten him to sit down. He saw the end was coming. He was becoming mentally feeble. We agreed. I had to go away, and so he told me, ‘O.K., when you come back I will do it.’ But by then it was too late. We came this close, but we missed the boat.”
Roman Blum was, by all accounts, an emotional man with a large personality. Six feet tall and handsome, he was a ladies’ man, a gambler and a drinker. He was also enterprising and tough in business.
“He had deeds on his desk piled up to the ceiling of properties he owned,” said Vincent Daino, who was Mr. Blum’s neighbor for 25 years and became his unpaid driver when the older man’s eyesight began to fail. “There were royalties from oil rigs in Alaska, money from his stocks — about once a month he would have me drive him to the bank so he could deposit $100,000 checks.”
Much of what is known about his life comes from a circle of fellow Holocaust survivors who met in displaced persons camps after the war.
They said that when war broke out, Mr. Blum was in Poland and, fearing capture, ran alone across the border to Russia, where he was briefly detained and placed in prison. The Russians soon released him along with thousands of other prisoners to fight the Nazis. The fate of his wife and child, if they existed, is unclear.
In the months after the war, Mr. Blum met a family of survivors with two daughters. One of them, Eva, had been in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
He married her, although by all accounts it was not a love match. “It was immediately after the war — he thought she was the last Jewish woman alive, and she thought there were no more men,” said a friend and fellow Holocaust survivor who met Mr. Blum around that time. The friend would speak only anonymously, for fear that he would seem to be trying to make a claim on the Blum estate.
In 1946, Mr. and Mrs. Blum made their way to Zeilsheim, a displaced persons camp on the outskirts of Frankfurt. In the chaos of postwar Germany, Mr. Blum became a smuggler, as many Jews did, Mr. Skurka said: He pirated cigarettes into Belgium while biding his time waiting for a visa to the United States. During that period, Eva remained in Zeilsheim and Mr. Blum preferred the livelier Berlin.
Mr. Skurka related a story from those days that, he said, Mr. Blum had told him. One day while in Berlin, Mr. Blum walked into a barbershop and asked the proprietor for a shave. When the barber finished, Mr. Blum said he had no money, shrugging his shoulders and smiling as he walked out the door. “He had chutzpah, that’s the kind of man he was,” Mr. Skurka said.
In 1949, the Blums came to New York and settled in Forest Hills, in Queens. There, they joined a tightknit community of survivors, many of whom they knew from the Zeilsheim camp.
“They all lived the same type of lifestyle, going to the bungalow colonies together, the Catskills, everything was done as a group,” said Jack Shnay, a child of survivors who grew up in Forest Hills with the Blums. “Initially, they all lived in apartments in Rego Park; then they starting buying or building private homes.”
“Every weekend was a party,” said Charles Goldgrub, the child of survivors and Mr. Blum’s godson, who also grew up in Queens. “They had survived Hitler so they thought they would live forever.”
On weekends, the survivors would often gather to play high-stakes poker and drink plum brandy. They rarely discussed their wartime experiences, but sometimes, as a group and tipsy, they would grow emotional. Mr. Blum’s favorite tune was the 1968 single by Mary Hopkin, “Those Were The Days,” recalled Michael Pomeranc, a hotelier who grew up in Forest Hills and whose parents, also survivors, were close to the Blums. “He was always singing that song, and especially if he’d had a bit to drink, he’d try to get everyone to join in with the lyrics,” Mr. Pomeranc said.
Many of the men started businesses together, the majority becoming homebuilders and hotel developers. They referred to themselves as griners, a Yiddish term meaning greenhorn or newcomer. “They were known as the griner builders,” said Robert Fishler, a Staten Island real estate lawyer who represented Mr. Blum for nearly three decades.
The men also had affairs. “There were lots of women on the side,” Mr. Goldgrub said. “It was a way of life, everyone knew — the wives just closed their eyes to it.” By many accounts, Mr. Blum often had female companions other than his wife. “It was really more like growing up in the Italian mob than your typical Jewish upbringing,” Mr. Goldgrub said.
While the people in the group liked having fun, they were not showy, despite their growing wealth. Most drove the same Buicks and Oldsmobiles for years and remained in the same middle-class neighborhood. Their modesty might also have been a desire to keep their wealth under wraps. “They didn’t want anyone to know what they had. They had been so scrutinized they didn’t want to call attention to themselves,” Mr. Goldgrub said.
The Blums struggled to start a family. Mrs. Blum told her friends that she was unable to have children, and the couple spent thousands of dollars on doctors’ visits. According to stories that swirled around the couple, Mrs. Blum had been a subject of the dreaded Dr. Josef Mengele while at Auschwitz, and his experiments had rendered her infertile.
In the 1960s, on a five-week trip to Israel on the Queen Elizabeth, Mr. Blum found a boy, an orphan, whom he wished to adopt. But friends who were with them said Mrs. Blum begged him not to go through with the adoption, convinced that her doctors would ultimately be able to help them conceive. They did not adopt the boy and never had children.
Then, in 1964, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge opened, linking Brooklyn and Staten Island, and many in the group, including Mr. Blum, began buying land on Staten Island. Prices were low, and Mr. Blum began developing land and building homes in neighborhoods like Eltingville, Huguenot and Manor Heights.
“Everybody knew Roman. He built hundreds of homes over the years,” Bruno Betro, a broker at Volpe Realty, said. “Last time I tried to sell a piece of property for him, I’d give him an offer and he’d tell me he wanted $1 million more.”
By the 1980s, with his business thriving, Mr. Blum decided to relocate to Staten Island. He built a large brick house in the upscale neighborhood of Southeast Annadale, with four bedrooms and five bathrooms, a two-car garage and a pool.
Mrs. Blum did not want to move. “He wanted her to go live with him in his big house with a swimming pool, but she loved the city,” said the friend who wished to be unidentified. “All her friends were there, and with his lifestyle, if she went with him, she knew she would be alone a lot.” Mrs. Blum stayed in Queens and Mr. Blum moved into the new house.
“Fifty years of marriage and he just left,” said Sherri Goldgrub, who married Charles Goldgrub in 1980 and knew the Blums well. “He would sometimes come back and bring her his laundry, but she sat home waiting, thinking he’d be back for dinner.”
The Blums eventually divorced, and Mr. Blum lived the life of a bachelor. There were women and lots of poolside parties. “Every Sunday we would swim in the pool, drink and eat — he’d like to make steaks this thick on the grill,” said his friend, holding his fingers five inches apart.
As for the group back in Queens, the divorce caused a rift and many distanced themselves from Mr. Blum.
“People were offended,” Mr. Goldgrub said. “People took sides, and our family took Eva’s side.” The last time Mr. Goldgrub saw Mr. Blum was at the bar mitzvah of his son in 1995. Mr. Blum was furious that he was not asked to light a candle for the boy, an honor, and told Mr. Goldgrub’s father he was taking his godson out of his will.
But Mr. Blum’s business on Staten Island was growing. Known as shrewd and hard driving, he could often be found early in the morning, cup of coffee in hand, sitting in the garage of one of his model homes, displaying sample materials and giving prospective buyers the hard sell.
As the years went by, Mr. Blum became increasingly stingy and, according to those who knew him, paranoid that people were after his fortune. He hid $40,000 in the ceiling of his bathroom, according to Mr. Daino, and when it went missing, Mr. Blum accused another neighbor of stealing it. “He told him, ‘Give me back $30,000 and I’ll let you keep $10,000,’ ” said Mr. Daino.
Months before he died, Mr. Blum fell down the stairs of his home and broke his leg, lying on the floor for four hours before a cleaning woman found him, according to Mr. Daino. It was Mr. Daino who took him to the hospital and who eventually signed him out.
“He had no one else, I was the only person he had,” Mr. Daino said. The leg never fully healed, and Mr. Blum, who remained at home in a hospital bed with 24-hour care, died in early January 2012.
After the hospital rabbi found his body in the morgue, he notified Mr. Fishler, the lawyer, who then notified Mr. Blum’s old friends from Queens. To the surprise of many, Mr. Blum had bought a cemetery plot next to his former wife’s. He was buried there.
“It is a heartbreaking story, a tragedy,” said Mr. Pomeranc, who was one of the few people who attended Mr. Blum’s funeral. “I spoke with him three days before he died. We were going to get the whole group together and take a ride out to see him that weekend. But it didn’t happen, and then the next week he passed away.”
None of Mr. Blum’s friends know why he never wrote a will. Those close to him say it may have been superstition or, after coming so close to dying during the war, a refusal to contemplate his own mortality. He may also have been unwilling to share the full details of his estate with a lawyer, the desire for secrecy a holdover from his experiences during the war.
Had the Blums had children, the estate would have gone to them, even without a will. While Mrs. Blum, as his former wife, would not have been eligible — only a current spouse or a blood relative can claim an inheritance in the absence of a will — his friends hope that Mr. Blum had siblings back in Poland with whom he was not in contact or that, if he had had a child before the war, some distant relations are still living in Europe.
“It wouldn’t be that uncommon to uncover collateral heirs,” said Burt Neuborne, the civil liberties defender who was the lead counsel in recent Holocaust litigation against Swiss banks. “We often found that someone, like a third cousin twice removed, would come forward.”
Yet despite a worldwide search that included Poland and Israel, Mr. Gotlin said, “to date, there is no evidence of any living relatives.”
Mr. Gotlin continues to work on liquidating Mr. Blum’s estate. According to people familiar with his accounts, Mr. Blum had about $4 million in cash in his checking account. His house was put on the market for $729,000 and is now in contract, and an eight-acre parcel he owned on Forest Avenue, worth about $4.5 million, is also in contract. A safe deposit box had more than 70 $100 bills, coins from Canada and South Africa, and gold jewelry including a watch, a bracelet, cuff links, several necklaces and a ring.
Mr. Blum’s few remaining personal items, including photographs and a book on the Holocaust, have been put in a box in the basement of the public administrator, where they will remain sealed unless claimed by a blood relative.
Once Mr. Gotlin completes liquidating the assets, and if investigators fail to find a will or surviving kin, whatever money is remaining from Mr. Blum’s estate will be passed to the city’s Department of Finance. If, after three years, no one comes forward, the money would go to the state comptroller’s office of unclaimed funds, which has $12 billion in its accounts dating to 1943. That office keeps a portion of the estate and transfers a portion to the state’s general fund. If an heir comes forward, the entire amount is returned.
The last time his old friend from Zeilsheim saw him, the man pushed Mr. Blum to discuss the topic of a will. “I told him, ‘Look, I know you don’t want to talk about it, but’ — and he was already a little bit drunk — I said, ‘You have to do something,’ ” the friend said. “And he told me, he said, ‘I promise you, if anything happens to me, you are going to be proud. You’ll be proud of me.’ ”
The friend still clings to hope. “I believe a will is written,” the friend said. “Somewhere there is a plan: he made arrangements to use the money to build a home for children and to dedicate it to his child from before the war. I am sure of it.”

Monday, April 29, 2013

你有把握應得稅務優惠了沒?


把握應得稅務優惠

March 27, 2013 06:00 AM |
問:我每年都覺得政府退稅金額太少,懷疑是不是我沒有把握應得的稅務優惠。請問有哪些稅務優惠容易被人忽略? 

答:路透報導,不論個人對自己的退稅金額是否滿意,美國人每年在報稅季時都取回價值超過1兆元的抵稅優惠。以下列舉幾項容易被忽略的抵稅優惠,以供申報2012年所得稅時參考。

一、州所得稅vs.州銷售稅:納稅人通常可在州所得稅與州銷售稅之間擇一抵減,一般納稅人多選擇抵減所得稅金,但對於沒有州所得稅的居民或是退休族而言,抵減州銷售稅金可能更為划算。

譬如在稅率偏高的紐約州或加州,退休族若於去年購買汽艇或汽車等高額商品,不妨估算抵減州銷售稅金更為有利。

二、捐贈物品:除了捐贈的現金之外,個人捐給收容所的食品、捐給課後班的文具,或甚至是駕車到慈善機構的里程數,亦可以每哩14分的價值抵減所得。

個人若曾捐助衣物給颶風珊迪的受災戶,亦可以透過Intuit軟體ItsDeductible估算抵稅價值。

三、學貸利息:已開始償還學貸的納稅人,每年最多可抵減2500元房貸利息金額,且根據收入而定,不依列舉扣除額方式報稅亦可申報這項優惠。
若為加速償還學貸而額外多還本金,亦可以根據多還的部分計算與抵減利息。

四、醫療相關費用:國稅局認定的醫療費用項目頗為廣泛,包括泵奶器、眼鏡、助聽器、針灸治療與減重計畫與往返就診的開銷都可申報抵稅。

五、看顧年老父母:父母可將未成年子女納為被撫養人,取得價值3800元的減稅額度,並另外根據未滿17歲子女人數,取得每名子女1000元的直接抵稅優惠(child tax credit)。

另外,個人若肩負照顧年老父母或親戚的責任,亦可將他們納為被撫養人取得稅務優惠。

六、求職相關開銷:包括製作履歷表、往返參加面試、註冊就業博覽會等求職過程中的各種費用,都可以申報抵稅。新工作的地點若距離目前居所50哩以上,也可以抵減搬家相關的費用。

七、投資建議相關開銷:個人若曾尋求理財顧問的服務,支付費用與往返旅費超過一定比例亦可申報抵稅。

八、房貸保險費用:房貸餘額超過房屋價值的溺水屋主,若曾獲貸款機構減免房貸本金,減免金額無須申報所得稅,但條件是該房子必須為主要居所。另外,私人房貸保險費用仍可用來申報抵稅。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 把握應得稅務優惠 

退休帳戶401(k)、IRA有何差異?


退休帳戶401(k)、IRA有何差異?

February 20, 2013 06:00 AM
問:我上班兩年多,稍微年長的同事勸我存退休金,大家都在談401(k)和IRA,我愈聽愈迷糊,到底這兩者之間有什麼差距?

答:沒錯,這兩類帳戶都是退休帳戶,但同中有異,很多人跟您一樣,搞不清楚對這兩者之間的差別和相同之處。

雅虎財經網站從下面幾個角度來比較兩者的同、異處。

就開戶資格來說,個人退休帳戶(IRA)規定必須70歲半以下、有所得的人才能開戶,而且,如果您有一位沒收入的配偶而且聯合報稅,您可有條件的為配偶放一些錢進帳戶,該條件就是,收入必須超過放進帳戶的錢;至於401(k),是您任職的公司提供的退休儲蓄方案,進一步來說,401(k)是員工福利,雇主可為存放金額以及開戶者條件設限。

就帳戶的特性來看,這兩者都有稅賦優惠,藉此鼓勵大家多為退休存老本,但操作方式不一樣。其中,IRA一定要本人自己申請才會開戶,與雇主毫無關係,帳戶持有人可選擇傳統IRA或者羅斯(Roth)IRA,而且自行選擇投資組合,存入傳統IRA帳戶的錢存入時可從收入中扣除,羅斯IRA則無此優惠;至於401(k),必定是透過雇主才擁有帳戶,有些雇主會幫員工自動開戶、甚至自動撥款存入,存入的錢都是從薪資扣減,傳統存入的方式享有稅前優惠,扣稅薪資額隨之下降,羅斯存入方式則是存放稅後薪資。

而不論是傳統IRA或401(k),帳戶持有人到了退休年齡、開始領取帳戶裡的錢時,領出來的錢就得課稅。
那麼,這兩類帳戶何時能夠領取退休金呢?國稅局規定,IRA或401(k)帳戶持有人屆滿59歲半就可提領帳戶裡的錢;但是,就401(k)計畫來說,雇主可能會對員工任職期間的提領狀況有比較嚴格的限制。

至於可以將錢投資在哪些地方?IRA帳戶通常可讓投資人投資任何證券和投資標的;401(k)選擇相對少,一般來說是一些共同基金。

有關帳戶存入金額的限制,有時不變、但有時在新的一年開始時會改變。就2013年來看,IRA帳戶全年存放最高金額為5500元,年滿50歲則可增加1000元,一旦屆滿70歲半,不能再存入傳統IRA,只能存入羅斯IRA;至於401(k),絕大多數人最多可存入1萬7500元,年滿50歲可另增5500元,雇主可為員工存入搭配款,員工存入額與雇主搭配款總額不能超過5萬1000元或薪資的100%。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 退休帳戶401 k 、IRA有何差異? 

健康照護產業 HOT??


健康照護產業
(記者李玉焜)
March 02, 2013 06:00 AM | 
問:健康照護產業的前景如何?目前是投資相關類股的好時機嗎?

答:自從2010年國會通過健保法以來,投資人一直擔心健康照護產業的投資前景,他們認為在相同的成本基礎上,業者將必須提供更多服務。

不過,U.S.News網站報導,富達精選健康照護基金(Fidelity Select Health Care)的經理人Eddie Yoon表示,「健康照護產業的成長潛能超過整體經濟發展腳步。」

他指出,「不論以絕對還是相對的標準,保健股價值都被低估。若以長期歷史紀錄評估此類股的市場報酬,將發現相對其它投資風險較低,目前是買進健康照護資產的大好時機。」

當投資人對健康照護類股的恐懼逐漸退去後,該產業的股價已開始大幅回升,富達精選健康照護基金去年成長20%,今年1月也強勁成長6.5%。

不過,目前可確定一旦新健保法案開始生效,這些法條對企業來說就如同一帖難以下嚥的苦藥,特別是保險業者將面臨新的理賠辦法與低價政府保險的競爭。

Yoon指出,「對保險業者來說此政策有許多不確定性,我不喜歡投資不確定的事物,因此我減持保險業的股票,但相對來說,保險業只是健康照護投資版圖的一小部份。」

此項規範健保業者的法案,其書面規範多達1900頁,大多數規定將在今明兩年生效,廣義地來說,將有多達3000萬人以上被納入承保對象,這也迫使業者提出更具價格優勢的服務與產品。

隨著市場已逐漸適應健保新聞的負面效應,Yoon表示,「健保改革的市場衝擊應相當有限。」他也預期在未來的一年相關產業的成長將漸入佳境。

但投資人應注意的是健保改革所帶來的長期衝擊,找出那些在新環境中能勝出的企業。

Yoon認為,那些企業必須找出能應付成長與成本壓力的創新方式,特別是某些能以較低成本解決問題的公司已經成為目前市場上最熱門的股票。例如,可提供低價處方的藥品郵購業者,與幫助醫院與企業管理成本的大型電腦系統業者。

例如,配藥管理公司Catamaran自2009年以來市值已成長五倍。快捷藥方公司(Express Scripts)也是不錯的投資標的,快捷藥方公司最近還收購Medco Health Solutions公司與HMS Holdings。
最後,逐漸邁入老年的嬰兒潮世代與新興國家市場的中產階級是該產業的兩大利多,雖然健保類股面臨新健保法的壓力,但在這兩項利多的加持下,健保類股仍有投資前景。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 健康照護產業 

育兒稅務優惠


育兒稅務優惠

(記者范詠軒)
March 22, 2013 06:00 AM
問:我們夫妻兩人都是上班族,平時得花錢請人看顧小孩,請問這類費用能否在報稅時取得稅務優惠?

答:MarketWatch報導,上班族可以善用聯邦政府的托兒抵稅優惠(child-care credit)來減少稅金,且不論家庭收入為何,都有機會取得這項減稅優惠。

這項減稅優惠的目的,是在協助家庭減輕育兒財務負擔。合併報稅的雙薪家庭,或是其中一人在過去一年中有五個月以上的時間為全職學生,就可以申報這項優惠。

育有一名子女的家庭最多可減3000元、育有兩名子女最多可減6000元的稅金。子女年齡必須小於13歲,若在當年年滿13歲,則僅有生日之前的開銷符合抵稅條件。另視子女人數與家庭收入而異,開銷中可用來抵稅的比例介於20%至35%間。

夫妻調整後收入(AGI)低於1萬5000元,可適用35%的最高抵稅比例,隨收入遞增至4萬3000元,抵稅比例亦逐步遞減至20%。收入超過4萬3000元的家庭,一律適用20%的抵稅比例。

調整後收入通常為1040表格第一頁的最後一個欄位,是包括所有課稅收入,並減掉贍養費、IRA提存金額與搬家費用等沖銷項目的金額。

舉例而言,雙薪家庭育有一名不到13歲的孩子,2012年托兒開銷為5000元。因該開銷金額超過規定上限的3000元,所以去年的抵稅額度為3000元的20%,即600元。

另依規定,申報抵稅的托兒開銷金額,不能超過夫妻中收入較低一方的金額。

夫妻中若有一人全職工作,另一人為全職學生,則作為學生的一方即使沒有實質收入,依規定也將在就學期間每月擁有250元的「假設性收入」。若育有兩子,每月則會有500元的假設性收入。

舉例而言,2012年夫妻中有一方全職工作,年收入為7萬5000元,另一方則有九個月為全職學生,兩人共同育有兩名不到13歲的孩子,育兒開銷為1萬元。

依上述規定,當學生的一方在就學九個月期間的假設性收入為4500元(500x9),因該收入少於實際育兒開銷1萬元,僅能依該收入計算抵稅金額為900元(4500x20%)。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 育兒稅務優惠 

失業報稅須知


失業報稅須知

【記者范詠軒】
March 25, 2013 06:00 AM
問:我在去年遭雇主解聘,至今尚未找到工作,請問今年報稅季時我應如何報稅?有什麼注意事項?

答:整體就業市場雖已出現改善,去年仍有不少美國人失業。失業後雖沒有收入,卻不代表無須申報個人所得稅。

首先,失業者若於去年申領失業保險金,便需依該筆收入申報所得稅。其次,國稅局通常提供各種抵稅或減稅優惠,協助失業者降低稅務負擔。

今日美國報列舉下列五項跟失業後報稅有關的須知,以供去年失業人士做為參考。

●一、申報所有津貼。個人若曾於去年申領失業保險金,應會收到1099-G表用以申報所得稅。應計為收入的項目包括由聯邦失業信託基金(Federal Unemployment Trust)發放的州失業保險金、傷殘保險金,及任何屬於災難援助和緊急支援法案範疇的給付金。
另外,工會成員若因失業從工會領得退款,可能也需計為收入申報所得稅。

●二、把握工作所得抵稅(EITC)。美國稅制相當厚待低收入家庭,單身無子女的納稅人收入低於1萬3980元,或有兩名子女的納稅人收入低於4萬1952元,便有機會申報工作所得抵稅優惠。

●三、困境提領退休帳戶可免罰金。個人若於去年失業超過12周,或因病痛面臨龐大的醫療帳單,可能已被迫提前領取IRA帳戶的存款。依規定,提早領取這類帳戶需支付10%罰金,但個人可以「困境提取」為由向國稅局申訴減免罰款。

此外,上班族若因無力償還貸款,或面臨龐大醫療費用,亦可向國稅局出示證據,提前領取401(k)帳戶存款而無須繳交罰款。

●四、找工作相關費用可以抵稅。即使未被錄用,找工作期間產生的雜項開銷,亦有機會用來抵稅,譬如為了參加面試而聘請保母看顧孩子、付費參加專業社團發展社交網絡、長途到外地參加就業博覽會或參加面試等費用。

●五、預扣失業保險金。失業者既無正常收入,當然也就沒有預扣稅金,這代表報稅後可能不但沒有退稅,還需另外補繳稅金。個人若擔心今年仍找不到工作,可以在國稅局下載與遞交W-4V表格,預扣接下來失業保險金的10%給付,以避免明年報稅季時面臨突如其來的一筆稅金。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 失業報稅須知 

401(k)顧問費 值得嗎?


401(k)顧問費 值得嗎?

記者周振宇
March 20, 2013 06:00 AM 
問:我的雇主有提供一項401(k)計畫投資管理服務。其費用是每年收取資產的0.25%。根據宣傳介紹看,參加投資管理服務的人平均相比普通投資者多獲得三個百分點的投資收益。我還有15年退休,值得付錢參加他們的投資管理嗎?

答:現在很多企業都向員工提供專業的投資理財服務。通常情況下,理財顧問大多收取0.25%到1%的諮詢費用,因此0.25%的費用相對非常低廉。

據今日美國報報導,很多研究報告都指出,使用顧問服務的投資者大多都可以獲得比自行投資決策更好的投資收益。當然一般投資者也會進行基礎性的投資分析。只是投資顧問們的專業經驗,讓他們更具信心,同時也更遵守投資策略和規則,這就是他們成功的關鍵。

大部分人都因為沒有時間,或者是沒有興趣去自行管理投資資產。同時,投資者面臨的最大敵人,就是他們對於投資資產的感情上的決定。包括市場出現危機、或者是投資熱潮的時候,很多個人投資者受到媒體,或者週邊人們的帶動,都會做出一些衝動的,而不是理性的投資決定。

因此,好的理財顧問可以幫助去除這些情感上的因素,在退休投資中可以更為專注於最為重要的因素。
在決定是否聘請專業理財顧問之前,可以問自己下面這些問題﹕

1、是否知道每次拿薪資時需要存多少錢?
2、在退休之前,總共需要存多少錢?
3、需要獲得何種投資回報,才能達到預期退休生活標準?
4、現在是否已經擁有多元化的,平衡的低成本投資組合?
5、為了達到目標,目前是否涉及恰當的風險?
6、當市場出現急劇波動的時候,是否具有足夠的信心和原則可以堅持投資策略?

如果對上面這六個問題都茫然不知,那麼就很有必要找一位獨立的投資顧問。根據正確的個人資料,投資顧問可以根據每個人理想中的退休生活方式,量身定造最為合理的投資組合方式,最大程度滿足今後的退休需求。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 401(k)顧問費 值得嗎? 

避免社安金課稅 有3招


避免社安金課稅 有3招

記者范詠軒
April 11, 2013 06:00 AM 
問:再過不久我就要退休了,請問我是否應該立即開始領取社安金,抑或是延後領取?不同作法對我的課稅收入有什麼影響?

答:依法令規定,取決於退休族的收入來源與水平,社安金被課稅的比例最高可達85%。若包括薪資、自雇收入、投資利息、股息與其他課稅收入的加總超過特定水平,部分社安金也需計為收入課稅。以年收入2萬5000元的退休族而言,社安金課稅比率可能高達50%。

華爾街日報列舉以下建議,協助退休族避免為社安金繳稅。

一、將傳統IRA帳戶轉存為羅斯(Roth)IRA。從傳統IRA帳戶提領的存款,將計為收入課稅,可能推高退休族的收入水平。轉存為羅斯IRA的當下雖需為轉存金額繳稅,但之後提領的金額就不必再扣稅,也不會影響個人課稅收入。

紐約市金融資訊業者Horsesmouth退休與人生規畫主任佛洛伊德(Elaine Floyd)說,「這種作法有點像是倒吃甘蔗」。她建議,個人應在開始領取社安金之前就做好轉存動作,才能避免為社安金付稅。若擔心一次轉存會面臨龐大稅金,也可以考慮先轉存部分存款。

二、延後提領社安金。一般而言,退休族越晚開始提領社安金,每年領取的金額就越多。從67歲開始,每延後一年開始提領社安金,每年可領得的金額將增加8%,最晚延至70歲才開始提領都能享受這種效果。
金融規畫科技公司Impact Technologies Group副總裁傅泰格(David Freitag)說,退休族若有能力,應先提取其他退休帳戶的資金使用,之後再開始領取社安金。

依規定,退休帳戶的持有人在年滿70歲半後,必須按特定比例開始提領存款。傅泰格說,先降低退休帳戶的存款,之後每年必須提領出來的金額也會減少,繼而降低課稅收入。

三、改持具延稅好處的投資工具。退休教育網站Thinking Retirement創辦人蘭帝斯(Andy Landis)說,退休族若已開始領取社安金,且手頭另有閒置的投資收入,不妨考慮「將課稅收入轉為不需課稅的收入」,以避免社安金被政府扣稅。

舉例而言,每年產生5000元收入的定期存單(CDs),恐使社安金被扣稅。但退休族若將這張存單賣掉,換購一份遞延給付年金(deferred annuity),將有助於避開這些稅金。另外,持有傳統IRA帳戶或不支付股息的股票,也具有避稅好處。(記者范詠軒)


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 避免社安金課稅 有3招 

財務之外的退休準備


財務之外的退休準備

財經新聞組
April 15, 2013 06:00 AM 
問:我打算在三年後退休,請問除了財務之外,我需要做些什麼準備?
答:一個人在工作時期,可能與在退休階段不同。人在工作時積累的職場經驗與工作技能,是與職業的需要相符,但到了不再工作的退休時期,部分經驗和能力便不會再派上用場。
生存的本能與才思敏捷,是在企業向上攀登的階梯,但在退休時卻不需要。富有進取精神、競爭意識和專注地工作,可能是職場成功的關鍵,但用在退休生活上則沒有太多幫助。
退休時期需要掌握的技能,可能會隨著退休時間的延長而變化。要努力積累對退休生活更有用,但平素卻不具備的技能。理財專家表示,以下部分生活習慣,需在退休前注意逐步養成。

●不要武斷:如果擔任過經理主管,那麼以前的部分工作職責,就是評判屬下的工作績效與能力。找出問題、告誡當事人和提出改進建議,是主管的職責所在。但若在退休後仍履行主管職責,就將葬送與他人的關係。如果無權提建議,最好是保持沉默。

●不要匆忙:職場上有完成工作的最後期限,所以常需抓緊工作。但在節奏放緩的退休時代,忙碌就顯得脫節。要穩住和放慢腳步,做下深呼吸,認識到最後期限已一去不復返,現在的日子是掌握在自己手中。做事情的時間若比預期長,盡可聽之任之。

●不要無所不知:在職場,面對詢問或許需有上佳表現,永遠會給出正確答案。但在職場之外,無所不知或許就沒有太多用處。與人交往時要表現得謙卑,嘗試提出看法,而不是命令。

●不要吃老本、炫耀過去:過去職場的成功,並不意味著退休生活的榮耀。如果想塑造退休後的新型自我,重點是轉變到退休後該選擇做何具體事。人在退休後,仍可根據現有能力做很多事去感動他人。

●嘗試新鮮事物:退休後在開始新的自由生活時,要把責任與關愛留給他人。你現在有充足的時間,可做各種以前想做而沒能做的事情。退休生活的多樣性,可增加生活的亮點與樂趣。如果不喜歡做就不必做,不會有任何損失。

●改掉不良習慣:退休後的時間充裕,為何不把以前養成的不良習慣改掉?周圍的人將可能驚喜地發現,你在退休後發生了多麼大的變化。

●活到老、學到老:人生學習不停,可使退休生涯更加愉悅。如今有了時間和自由,可專心學習真正有興趣的東西,與文憑和考試沒有關係。退休時代的學習是使自己充實與興奮,沒有任何壓力。


Read more: 世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 財務之外的退休準備 

《理財Q&A》預算法攸關個人 ......


《理財Q&A》預算法攸關個人

記者周振宇
April 25, 2013 06:00 AM
問:歐巴馬總統最近遞交了最新預算草案,這是否對於個人收入還有進一步影響?

答:儘管歐巴馬政府已經遞交了最新的聯邦預算草案,但距離真正的完成立法還有遙遠的距離。基本上來說,這僅僅是冗長的政治談判的開始,其中會牽涉到參眾兩院,還有無數的國會遊說團體。

歐巴馬自己表示,預算草案部分內容已經得到共和黨方面的支持,其中包括了某些稅收和政府開支的調整。因此,整體而言,市場開始期待國會可以達成某種協議,抵消財政扣押,也就是自動性預算赤字削減計畫的影響。

同時,從某種角度看,這種政策改變,也會讓每個納稅人付出一定的代價。下面就是一些在繼續觀望華盛頓狀況發展時,可以做的一些保護性準備工作。

1、預防通貨膨脹。
歐巴馬提出的草案中包括了將社安金福利同所謂連鎖消費物價指數進行掛鉤的措施,這就會帶來很多變數。對於年滿65歲開始每年約領取2萬元社安金的退休人員,25年之後可能每月的收入反而減少289元。因此在401(k)或IRA投資中,需要更注重能超越通膨影響的資產,包括商品投資和房地產等。

2、理解退休儲蓄規則。
歐巴馬遞交的預算草案,計畫將延稅的IRA投資總額限定在300萬元。但事實上,該計畫更為複雜,對於目前26至35歲的在職工作人員而言,大約5%的人將受到影響。此外,該預算案也將取消孩子對IRA的繼承。對於擁有大量儲蓄的人,需要注意,不要將所有資產放在延稅賬戶中。

3、規畫未來幾年的慈善捐贈。
歐巴馬還希望對高收入者的抵稅優惠加以限制,最高為28%。也就是說將限制例如房貸利息,以及慈善捐贈等的扣除額。對於高收入人群而言,或許該考慮採用家族控制的信託管理資產。

4、大學貸款需謹慎。
從7月1日起,聯邦學生貸款的利率將翻倍,歐巴馬計畫將該利率同市場利率掛鉤。雖然在目前低利率環境中,該計畫可能降低貸款成本,但隨著市場利率的回升,學生貸款成本將大幅提升。簽訂學生貸款前,需要更謹慎查詢條款。(記者周振宇)


Read more:世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - 《理財Q A》預算法攸關個人

AIG高管 股神挖角 -該部門占據20%的美國國內市場


AIG高管 股神挖角

財經新聞組綜合報導
April 27, 2013 06:00 AM 
知情人士透露,巴菲特(Warren Buffett)的波克夏哈瑟威公司(Berkshire Hathaway)正在力圖擴大在大型及非尋常性保險領域的業務,其中包括已經從美國國際集團(AIG)挖角四名資深管理人員。

這四名管理人員包括AIG財產險業務主管伊斯特伍德(Peter Eastwood)、AIG Lexington業務總裁、AIG財產保險拉美及加勒比地區總裁,以及另一名主要的財產險主管。

在AIG已經工作22年的伊斯特伍德在聲明中稱,「我們將從周一開始。開始一個全新的公司,建設一個大型、多元化的、獲利能力良好的商業財產保險業務。」

根據聲明,全新業務主要是針對所謂的美國「超額保險」市場,通常就是出售給大客戶,包括大型企業的特種保險項目。

不過伊斯特伍德籌建的「特殊保險集團」,將是依托在波克夏龐大的資本規模,以及強勁的信用評級之上,可以進一步拓展在美國及海外的市場機會。

AIG的聲明中則表示,「公司擁有成熟的、非常廣泛的人才儲備,在財產保險領域有充分的管理人員可以立即接任。」

業者出版物「保險業者」最先報導了這項人員出走行動。巴菲特及波克夏方面均未對此發表聲明。

AIG的超額保險業務部門,也就是AIG Lexington歷來都是公司內部最大,而且是最成功的業務部門之一,為AIG帶來顯著的市場份額。據瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)的分析顯示,該部門占據20%的美國國內市場。


Read more:世界新聞網-北美華文新聞、華商資訊 - AIG高管 股神挖角

申請房貸 6個考量


申請房貸 6個考量
編譯孫梁
April 28, 2013 06:00 AM 
申請房貸前,如果多做準備,分析各種選項,將有助於提高房貸的批准率。圖為賓州一棟待售屋。(美聯社)
申請房貸前,如果多做準備,分析各種選項,將有助於提高房貸的批准率。圖為賓州一棟待售屋。(美聯社)













●購屋者等候銀行批准房貸期間,常感焦慮與困惑。其實他們若在申請前多做準備,如分析多種選項,預測銀行會提出何種問題,定可增加房貸批准的機會。

房貸銀行CMG金融公司房貸主管喬治說﹕「一些人在買車前的研究時間,要比買房的時間還多,讓我驚訝不解。」

購屋者應熟悉房貸市場的變化,因為擔保90%房貸的政府機構不斷更新房貸政策,聯邦住宅管理局 (FHA)最近就頒布若干房貸新規定,其中之一是舉借FHA擔保的房貸,將提高借貸人的房貸保險費。
美聯社報導,以下六點將有助於提高購屋者申請房貸的批准率。

一,建立良好的信用分數。
借貸銀行確定購屋者是否有信用,主要途徑之一就是審查信用分數。
多數銀行銷售的房屋貸款,是房利美和房地美等政府擁有的房貸公司的房貸,因此,銀行必須遵守政府的借貸準則。FHA擔保的房貸雖可接受低於600的FICO信用分數,但分數越低,所付利息也就越高。信用分數若達760到850,貸款條件就會更優惠。

信用分數如果較低,改善的途徑之一就是增加首付。信用分數過低的人,要保證在申請前建立良好的信用紀錄。要先查看自己的信用紀錄,消費者每年可從三家信用公司免費得到一份信用報告,即Experian、TansUnion和Equifax公司。

二,了解貸款選擇
除了努力符合獲得房貸的條件外,購屋者至少要投入20%的首付,就可免於私人房貸保險。

如果首付拿不出20%,就可能有條件申請FHA擔保的貸款,允許首付只交3.5%,這對首次買房但拿不出足夠首付的人十分有利。但為避免未來出現違約,FHA要求銀行收取更多費用,以支付每月的房貸保險。
FHA從4月初開始修改規定,貸款30年的屋主若已連續五年支付房貸,而且他們的貸款與價值比 (loan-to-value ratio)降到78%,就可不必再買房貸保險。如果貸款與價值比是78%到90%,在支付房貸11年後,也可免交房貸保險。但貸款與價值比仍超過90%,就要繼續買房貸保險。

FHA政策的另一變化,是規定購屋者的借貸如果至少達62萬5000元,首付就必須至少為5%,高於以前規定的3.5%。即使如此,也遠低於多數銀行規定的10%。

三,考慮多交首付。
專家認為,購屋者如能支付3.5%以上的首付,就應考慮舉借沒有FHA擔保的房貸。這種貸款的唯一要求就是首付達到5%,雖然仍需支付私人房貸保險,但至少不會被鎖住,一旦貸款與價值比降至78%,房貸保險即可自動取消。

四,留意各種手續費。
除保證首付外,購屋者還要預留辦理過戶手續的費用,從數百到數千元不等。
銀行的手續費多種多樣,有的可以討價還價,有的不能。但銀行需按規定列出各種手續費的明細表,購屋者應認真核對。

銀行可能收取購屋者的信用報告費、房屋評估費、文件費和管理費,費用的多寡將視居住地和具體情況而定。如果需付房貸保險,每月將增多100元以上,要看是何種貸款。

五,等候合適機會。
房價上漲、利息將很快提高,都會使購屋者產生緊迫感。如果經濟條件和信用分數仍然不足,拿不到合適利率的貸款,最好的選擇是不要匆忙決定買房。

專家建議,為增加獲得條件優惠房貸的機會,最好是信用分數超過740 和首付款達到20%。

六,比較各家銀行。
與買車貸款不同,房貸的部分條件可以商談。購屋者應向銀行說明所需的貸款條件與利率,和能拿出多少首付。購屋者還應詢問有關房貸的其他事宜,和不同比例的房貸分別需多少手續費等。

購屋者要分析不同銀行的不同費用,從銀行的網站即可查到。銀行為了競爭,可能會向購屋者提供與競爭對手相同的貸款條件。


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